2 6 In Lowest Terms
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a dizzying corporeality of unfamiliar terms and phrases into our everyday lives. Though they can exist confusing, it's important to have an accurate understanding of their meanings, peculiarly if we desire our communities to navigate the pandemic safely. Beneath, nosotros've rounded up some of the most common COVID-19-related terms — from how the virus spreads in communities, to treatment and test options to how to help tedious the spread. Without a incertitude, familiarizing yourself with this list is the first step to ensuring a safer tomorrow for yourself and others.
- Coronavirus: There are many types of coronaviruses, all of which contain RNA and have crown-shaped spikes on their surfaces. Dissimilar types of these viruses tin can cause mild affliction like the common cold, or more than astringent respiratory infections.
- SARS-CoV-ii or the "novel coronavirus": These are both terms for the coronavirus that has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering this detail virus was novel to humans, there was no existing immunity or power to fight off the virus' furnishings.
- COVID-19: the name of the disease that SARS-COV-2 tin can crusade. COVID-19 is a shortened version of "coronavirus disease 2019."
- Zoonotic: A description of a illness that is able to spread from animals to humans. According to the Heart for Affliction Control and Prevention (CDC), zoonotic diseases are relatively common — 6 out of 10 of all known diseases are zoonotic.
- Outbreak: A localized uptick in cases. Outbreaks are often traceable to specific events like concerts, or locations like day care centers or nursing homes.
- Epidemic: A larger than expected surge in the number of cases of a disease or affliction in a detail geographic region or expanse.
- Pandemic: An epidemic that has spread beyond geographical or national boundaries and has affected a big number of people on a global scale. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on March eleven, 2020.
Transmission- & Spread-Related Terms
- Airborne Transmission: A disease or illness that tin be spread from person to person through the air. Airborne diseases tend to exist more contagious than those requiring physical contact.
- Aerosol: A tiny particle of respiratory fluid that contains viral fabric and can remain in the air for a menstruation of time.
- Droplet: A minor drop of fluid. Droplets containing a virus can exist expelled when an infected person talks, breathes, sneezes, or coughs.
- R0/'R-naught': A number indicating the average number of people that will catch a affliction or illness from one infected person. R0 is used as a measure of how contagious a disease is. The R0 for COVID-19 transmission in the United states of america varies by region.
- Community Transmission: This refers to cases of infection that cannot be direct linked to known travel of an individual or a previously identified positive case.
- Asymptomatic: When one is displaying no symptoms or outward signs of having a disease throughout the course of infection. Show suggests that individuals who are asymptomatic tin can even so transmit the virus to others.
- Presymptomatic/Incubation Period: When one is non yet displaying symptoms due to an early stage of infection. The virus tin can however be spread during this time period.
- Super-spreader: A person who transmits a affliction or illness to an unusually high number of people.
Prevention- & Mitigation-Related Terms
- Social and Physical Distancing: The practice of reducing close person-to-person contact in a community in order to decrease the transmission rate of a virus or illness. Social distancing measures include instructions to piece of work from home, plexiglass barriers, or six-foot markers in public spaces.
- Contact Tracing: The process of public health officials identifying individuals who have been infected with or exposed to a viral illness in order to farther mitigate and manage the virus'southward spread within a community.
- Flattening the Curve: The "bend" here refers to the shape on graphs similar number of cases or hospitalizations. 'Flattening' these curves involves taking steps like sheltering in place, social distancing, and self quarantining in society to preclude surges of patients that demand hospitalization and treatment all at once.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE refers to clothing or materials that are specially made to human action as a barrier confronting exposure or infection. Examples of PPE include face shields, masks, goggles, gowns and gloves.
- N95: Also called a respirator, this special type of mask covers the olfactory organ and oral fissure and is manufactured to safely filter particles that tin can cause COVID-xix when fit-tested and used correctly. These masks are typically reserved for healthcare workers or those coming in shut contact with active infection, and are not recommended for use in public.
- Quarantine/Self-Quarantine: A quarantine is a period of isolation post-obit exposure or potential exposure to a virus, in order to preclude passing the virus to others. Individuals who have been potentially exposed to COVID-19 are advised to quarantine for at least 10 days following the exposure.
- Isolation/Self-Isolation: When an private has a confirmed or suspected instance of an illness or virus, they should isolate. Isolation differs from quarantine in that quarantine occurs following potential exposure to an illness, and isolation occurs afterwards an individual has been infected.
- Vaccine: Vaccinations innovate a small corporeality of inactivated or weakened virus so that the body can produce antibodies that work by recognizing the virus and preventing information technology from causing illness in the future. Vaccines are preventative measures that can increase amnesty on a large scale.
Testing- & Treatment-Related Terms:
- Molecular or Viral Exam: A test used to make up one's mind if a person currently has an active infection from SARS-CoV-2. Viral tests work by analyzing a sample of saliva or fungus in order to determine whether the virus is nowadays.
- Antibiotic Exam: A test that detects whether a person has antibodies for a specific virus or illness. Antibodies are proteins created past the body's immune system that gainsay a specific virus or affliction. These tests are not used to pick up on active infections.
- Remdesivir (Veklury): An antiviral drug that has been approved by the FDA for handling of COVID-19. Remdesivir works by preventing replication of RNA within viral particles so that the virus cannot multiply and spread within the trunk equally easily.
- Dexamethasone: A corticosteroid with anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, oftentimes used to combat respiratory illness. Dexamethasone is recommended as a treatment for moderate to severe COVID-19 to work against tissue impairment in the lungs.
- Ventilator: When a patient isn't able to breathe on their own, a ventilator tin be used in the hospital to help them exhale. A tube is inserted into the patient's windpipe through the mouth and a machine works to supply oxygen directly to the patient's lungs.
Resource Links:
- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Glossary via Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF)
- COVID-19 Glossary via Yale Medicine
- "Zoonotic Diseases" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Testing Overview" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Information for Clinicians on Investigational Therapeutics for Patients with COVID-nineteen" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Science Brief: SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Airborne Transmission" via Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
- "Terminal study confirms Remdesivir benefits for COVID-19" via National Institutes of Wellness (NIH)
- "Is Dexamethasone the COVID-19 Cure We've Been Looking For?" via Reference
- "What Is Contact Tracing, and Why Is It Important During the COVID-nineteen Pandemic?" via Ask
- "COVID-19 Terms: The Difference Between Social Distancing, Physical Distancing & More than" via Reference
2 6 In Lowest Terms,
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